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 News from Around the Americas | April 2006 
Mother Could Face Deportation
 Garance Burke - Associated Press
| | Myrna Dick, with son Zachary, is accused of lying to gain entry to the U.S. after attending a Mexican funeral. (Ed Zurga/AP) |
Raymore, MO. – Myrna Dick is desperate for her young son to take a nap, so she cajoles him with soft Spanish phrases.
“Vete a dormir, mijo,” she says, telling Zachary to sleep as he fumbles for Teddy Grahams. “Take the bear in your arms and the two of you go lie down.”
It's a suburban life, in a place that hosts fishing derbies and Easter egg hunts and calls itself the “Garden Spot of the State.” But it's a life that Zachary, snug in his cornflower-colored jumpsuit, was very nearly denied.
In 2004, the government tried to deport Myrna Dick. It charged that she once lied to gain entry to the United States, that she claimed she was an American when she was in fact a Mexican.
But Myrna was pregnant, and a federal judge in Missouri said Myrna's fetus essentially was already an American citizen. He could not be expelled, and as a result, neither could she.
Until Zachary was born.
Then, immigration officials reasserted their claims. In February, a federal appeals court gave immigration officials the right to bar the 31-year-old mother from the United States for life, separating her from her son, now 17 months old, and her American husband.
This time, the family's case is attracting the attention of prominent legislators who say it symbolizes the contradictions of the broken U.S. immigration system. According to the Pew Hispanic Center, a research organization in Washington, nearly five percent of U.S. families are headed by illegal immigrants.
“Illegal immigration is deeply intertwined within our households and communities,” said former INS Commissioner Doris Meissner. “A family like this is an illustration of literally millions of people in the country today.”
Myrna was born in Chihuahua, Mexico, and grew up in Santa Barbara Tutuaca, a mountain village of 3,000. Her father, Ramon Ochoa, told his 20 children stories of picking string beans and onions in California's Central Valley, where he traveled in the 1950s and 1960s under the United States' first guest worker program.
Two older sisters had left the family ranch in Santa Barbara to work in Texas, and would come back periodically with their children to stock her mother's grocery store.
“Our skin would be black from working outside,” Myrna said, “and my nieces would come in from America with their beautiful clothes and their dolls. Seeing them was like dreaming of being a star.”
When Myrna, an epileptic, suffered from grand mal seizures, her father sold everything and the entire family moved to Texas so the 12-year-old could get treatment.
They overstayed a temporary visa and settled illegally in Oakleaf, near Dallas. Myrna spent much of the rest of school in the nurse's office, learning English in fits and starts.
No one can really explain why Myrna was passed over during the 1980s amnesty, when millions of immigrants were allowed to stay. Most of her family, including both parents, were granted citizenship or permanent residency then.
Still, Myrna came to think of herself as a proud Texan. At work one night, she met Brady Dick when he wandered into the Dallas sports bar where she was a hostess.
After a few months of dating, they married in a small courthouse wedding in 2002; that same year, Brady submitted an application for Myrna to become a U.S. resident by marriage.
But when she went to renew her work visa in spring 2004, the federal government ordered her immediate deportation.
Everyone agrees that Myrna crossed the desert in 1998 to go to her grandmother's funeral in Chihuahua. She said smugglers led her and another woman through the sand for hours, where border agents found them on a deserted hill.
“It was all sand and bushes,” Myrna said, crying as she told the story of that crossing. “The wind lifted up the dirt. They caught us some place – I don't even know where. All I remember is it was night and we were alone with them.”
What's in dispute is what happened next.
Michael Sharma-Crawford, her lawyer, says Myrna never claimed she was a U.S. citizen, but instead told officials she was attempting to enter the country illegally. The government says when agents took her fingerprints, she told them her name was Ivette Treviso-Frias (something she denies) and said she was American.
That lie, the government says, makes her ineligible to ever live in America.
“The consequences are based on her own actions,” said Carl Rusnok, a spokesman for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. “The charge has been made before about family separation. However there is a strong element of personal responsibility that has to be taken into account when someone violates the law and they are put away in jail.”
Six years later, the government reinstated the old deportation order under Treviso-Frias' name to take Myrna into custody. Myrna was three months pregnant. For two weeks, nauseous with morning sickness, she was shackled to the floor and bused from a detention facility in Versailles, Mo., to Immigration and Customs Enforcement offices in Kansas City.
“When they sent her to jail, no one told her she could consult a lawyer,” said Sharma-Crawford, an immigration attorney in Overland Park, Kan. “Then, when the case finally went to court, it was like having a murder trial by argument alone. We got no witnesses and could only present evidence that the government got to pick.”
Sharma-Crawford says the file the Department of Homeland Security keeps under Myrna's name contains a jumble of fingerprints, photographs and alien identification numbers that arguably could belong to seven different people. One computer print-out is labeled “wrong person.”
When lawyers from the Department of Justice appealed the district judge's ruling, the government selected less than half of the 424 pages of documents to send to the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals as evidence. In February, a three-judge panel ruled a set of fingerprints labeled “Ivette Treviso-Frias” were identical to fingerprints attached to one of the alien ID numbers linked to Myrna's name.
Such administrative disarray, said Meissner, only underscores the challenges the government will face if Congress approves new amnesty or guest worker laws. The disorganized state of many immigration records and the multiple aliases adopted by many border crossers can make it practically impossible to determine how many times a given person has entered the country.
Kris Kobach, who served as immigration advisor to former Attorney General John Ashcroft, says the statute that made false claim to citizenship a deportable offense was never intended to be applied years after the fact. When it became law in 1996, he said it was intended to stop dangerous criminals from coming across the border, not to deport a suburban mother.
“They're taking the statute out of context,” said Kobach, a law professor at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. “Her claim is that they've got the wrong person. And there are enough valid questions that Myrna Dick is raising that her case should be reconsidered.”
Abortion rights advocates who normally find themselves opposing any opinion or law that expands the rights of a fetus now find themselves sympathizing with an evangelical Christian woman who was instrumental in just such a case.
“First a judge declares there is some right of personhood attached to this fetus,” said Pamela Sumners, the executive director of NARAL Pro-Choice in Missouri. “Then the courts deprive this child of his mother once it's been born by deporting her. This is insane public policy.”
The Eighth Circuit will hear the Dicks' appeal in the next two months, said Sharma-Crawford. If it fails there, he believes the case could proceed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Meanwhile, several legislators are considering introducing a special waiver that would grant some immigrants who made false claims to citizenship the right to stay in the country.
For the moment, however, Myrna keeps waking up at night, imagining Zachary has been taken from his crib. She says she's seen other marriages fall apart over things like this, and tries to imagine how she and her husband could live apart, on two sides of the border.
“People have no idea what these immigration laws do to families,” said Brady, 34. “Myrna's worried about the call that they're coming to get her, and my stomach is always upset. The last time we went to court we were thinking that the judge's would be God's word, and we got back a miracle. All I can think is that God knows what we're going through.” |
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